Leukaemia first at Royal Free

A team at the Royal Free has discovered that patients who achieve remission after chemotherapy develop a type of immune cell called “natural killer cells” which kill any tumour cells left after the chemotherapy treatment.

The cells kill only tumour cells and not normal blood cells. They have dubbed these cells tumour-activated NK cells (TaNK) and, having found a way to produce them clinically, are now being funded by the Leukaemia Research Fund to undertake a trial in 15 patients with AML in whom conventional treatment has failed. A Royal Free patient has now become the first in the world to undergo treatment for leukaemia, using these “natural killer cells”.

In preparation for receiving the cells, the patient underwent a further course of chemotherapy and a single dose of radiotherapy. Her daughter, the donor, was connected to a machine which removed blood from both arms over a period of two to three hours. The cells were transfused into the patient and less than a week later tests showed that the vital cells had “taken”.

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